| 5
B.C.-5 A.D. |
c. 4
B.C. birth
of Jesus |
30 B.C.-180
A.D. Pax Romana (Roman peace) unites
Mediterranean world |
* 30 B.C.--
death of Cleopatra; Rome annexes Egypt; Rome
shifts from Republic to Empire under Augustus |
6
|
Quirinius' census
Zealots' tax revolt |
heavy hand of
Rome on Palestine |
* Rome consolidates
power * Golden Age of Latin literature: Virgil,
Ovid, etc. |
| 30s |
The adult life
and ministry of Jesus
Rabbi Hillel the Elder, Babylon |
14-37 Emperor
Tiberius |
|
| c.
36-69 |
Oral transmission
of message and story of Jesus
48-64 Letters
of Paul
c. 60 ["Q" document]
68-70 Dead
Sea Scrolls hidden in caves |
church in Jerusalem
c. 47-57 missionary
travels of Paul
c. 67, Peter martyred |
* China: Buddhism
introduced
* 64 Rome: Emperor Nero, Great Fire; persecution
of Christians |
| c.
70-150 |
Last
books of OT Apocrypha
written
Gospel compilation and
editing
c. 70 Mark
c. 80 Matthew
c. 90 Luke and John
****
c. 110 Didache
c. 80-150 Non-canonical
gospels |
70 Jewish revolt
against Rome fails; Jerusalem sacked, Temple
destroyed by Romans
center of Christianity shifts from Jerusalem
to Antioch,
Alexandria,
and Rome;
martyrdoms under Domitian, Trajan, etc. |
* 70 Josephus
writes The Jewish War
* 79 Pompeii: Mt. Vesuvius erupts
* 117 Greatest expanse of Roman Empire
* 100s Greatest expanse of Han Chinese empire |
| 90s |
Council
of Jamnia, formation of Hebrew
Bible canon
1st Epistle of Clement |
Church's early
structure established: bishops, presbyters,
and deacons
rabbinic movement develops
from Pharisees |
* Clement I,
Bishop of Rome |
| c.125-225 |
Christian
apologists defending their faith
Gnostic
writings such as Nag Hammadi manuscripts
Marcionism, Montanism
c.
125 The Shepherd of Hermas
Mishnah, Talmud written down |
c. 160
Marcion dies
c. 200 Irenaeus
dies
Origen
(Egypt)
Tertullian
(North Africa) |
* 220 Goths
invade Asia Minor
* Iron smelting technology develops in East
Africa |
| 250-400 |
325 Council
of Nicaea
367 Athanasius
lists 27 N.T. books
381 Council of Constantinople
397 North African Council, Carthage, determines
canon
Jerome
translates Vulgate
Nag Hammadi writings hidden |
250 persecution
under Decius
303 persecution under Diocletian
313 Constantine
converts to Christianity |
* 361 Emperor
Julian (the Apostate) tries to restore Roman
religion; dies young
* birth of Attila the Hun |
| 400s |
431 Council
of Ephesus
451 Council of Chalcedon
|
St. Anthony
of the Desert (Egypt)
Desert Fathers and Mothers
early monasticism
St.
Ambrose of Milan
St. Augustine of Hippo (North Africa)
St.
Cyril of Alexandria
murder of Hypatia |
* 406 Franks
invade Gaul
* 410 Goths raid and sack Rome
* c. 450 Chief Hawaii-Loa discovers
Hawaiian Islands
* c.450 Bodhidharma founds Zen Buddhism,
India; takes to China
* Britain: Picts, Scots, Celts expelled by
Angles, Saxons
* 476 fall of Rome to Goths |
| 500s |
525: Dionysius
Exiguus sets birth of Jesus and Christian
calendar at Dec. 23, A.D. 1 |
Justinian, Emperor
in the East, rebuilds St.
Sophia in Constantinople |
* 542-594 plague
cuts population of Europe in half |
| 600s |
|
640 Library
of Alexandria with 300,000 manuscripts completely
destroyed |
* Muhammed writes
Quran, establishes Islam; conquers Eastern
Mediterranean |
| 700-800s |
c.
Bede
translates some scriptures into Anglo-Saxon
Slavonic translation |
Greek monks
evangelize Slavs
controversy over icons |
* Arabs begin
African slave trade along Indian Ocean coasts
* Arabs conquer Spain |
| 900s |
Masoretic
text of Hebrew Bible finalized |
Northwest Europe:
Celtic monks struggle against raiding Norsemen
to preserve Christian writings |
* 939 Vietnam
gains independence from China
* 988 Vladimir converts, brings Christianity
to Kiev & Russia |
| 1000s-1200s |
|
1054 East-West
church schism
Crusades
begin
Norman, then Gothic cathedrals are built |
* first European
universities
* China: gunpowder invented for use in fireworks
* Genghis Khan conquers much of Asia |
| 1300s |
1380-97
Wycliffe
translates Bible into Middle English |
"Babylonian
Captivity" of papacy in Avignon |
* Mongols invade
China, Russia
* 1340s bubonic plague kills 30% from Europe
to India
* 1368 China: Ming dynasty |
| 1400s |
1456
Gutenberg Bible (Vulgate) is printed |
Western European
Renaissance begins
1453 fall of Constantinople
to Turks |
* 1450 invention
of printing press
* 1480s Portuguese explorers
* 1492 Columbus sails west;
* Jews, Moors driven out of Spain |
| 1500s |
Tyndale,
Coverdale translate Bible into English; Luther
into German
1536 King Henry VIII breaks
with Church of Rome
1546 Council of Trent begins
1549 Book of Common Prayer
1560 Geneva
Bible
1572 Bishops' Bible
1592 Sixto-Clementine Vulgate |
1517 Luther
acts at Wittenberg; Reformation begins (northern
Europe)
1534 Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
founded
1546 Scottish Reformation
1572 massacre of Protestants
in France |
* Spanish
conquer Aztec, Inca civilizations in the
"New World"
* African slave trade increases to serve Spanish
and Portuguese colonies
* 1533-84 Ivan the Terrible rules Russia
* 1564 birth of Shakespeare |
| 1600s |
1611
King James Bible published, becomes Authorized
Version
1648 Westminster Confession |
Wars of Religion
in Germany
1640-60 English Civil War and Protectorate |
* English, French,
Dutch colonize
North America, East and West Indies, South
Africa;kill or enslave and evangelize native
peoples |
| 1700s |
Established
churches preach acceptance of status quo as
will of God |
John and Charles
Wesley use King James Bible and Book of
Common Prayer, preach to common people
Oppression of Jews everywhere, Catholics in
Britain |
* Industrial
Revolution begins
* 1776-81 American Revolution
* European Enlightenment en-hances concept
of Natural Law versus Divine Law
* 1789 French Revolution |
| 1800s |
1885
British Revised Version of the Bible
German scholars begin to apply
historical-critical methods to the Bible
Missionary
organizations translate Bible into many languages |
Missionary activity intensifies in colonized
regions of world
1848 Karl Marx publishes Das Kapital
(Capital)
1859 Darwin publishes The Origin of Species,
with theory of evolution |
* 1815 defeat of Napoleon
* 1820s independence of most Latin American
countries
* Immigration of many Catholics and Jews to
U.S.
* 1856 birth of Sigmund Freud
* Height of European colonization of Asia
and Africa |
| 1900s |
1901
American Standard Version
1907 Pope Pius X condemns
Modernist movement of Biblical Criticism
1923 J. Gresham Machen, fundamentalist leader,
writes Christianity and Liberalism
Critical methods develop; Biblical criticism
becomes academic discipline
1945 Nag
Hammadi Library discovered
1947 Dead Sea Scrolls discovered |
Some Christians
die as martyrs in holocaust (Edith Stein,
Dietrich Bonhoeffer);
Other Christians, such as the Ten Booms, shelter
Jews or do other forms of resistance
Ecumenical organizations (World Council of
Churches, National Council of Churches of
Christ in the U.S.A) are founded.
1948 State of Israel established |
* 1914-18 World
War I
* 1917 Communist revolution in Russia; religion
suppressed
* 1922 Ataturk creates secular state in Turkey
* 1926 Scopes Trial pits literal reading vs.
modern understanding of Bible
* 1939-45: World War II; Nazi holocaust murders
Jews, other minorities
* 1949 Communist revolution in China; religion
suppressed |
| late
1900s |
1952
Revised Standard Version
1989 New
Revised Standard Version
Dead Sea Scrolls made widely available
1995 New Jerusalem Bible |
Arab-Israeli
conflicts in 1948, 1956, 1967, 1973
1960s key time for Civil Rights movement in
U.S.
Rise of fundamentalism
1980s upsurge of terrorism internationally
Intifada--Palestinian nationalist movement
|
* 1959 Chinese
invade Tibet
* 1960s post-colonial independence of most
African, Asian countries
* Economy globalizes
* 1989 fall of Berlin Wall results in breakup
of Soviet Union,
* regional wars
* 1990s end of apartheid laws in South Africa
* Internet technology globalizes communication
and access to written sources |
